考点清单六、名词分类及句法功能 要点精讲1：名词分类 要点精讲2：名词句法功能 1.作主语

考点清单六、名词分类及句法功能

要点精讲1：名词分类

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要点精讲2：名词句法功能

1.作主语

Theyoungwomanplayedanimportantpartinthematter.那年轻女人在这件事上举足轻重。

HisgrandpajoinedtheRedArmyattheageoffifteen.他爷爷十五岁时参加红军。

2.作宾语

（1）作及物动词的直接宾语

Imetyourelderbrotherinthestreet。我在街上碰见你哥哥了。

HaveyoufinishedthelettertoJane?你写完给珍的信了吗？

（2）作及物动词的间接宾语。

Itoldmystudentsafunnystory.我给学生们讲一个有趣的故事。

Sheaskedthedoctoranotherquestion.她问了医生另一个问题。

（3）作介词的宾语。

After20years’traveling,hesettleddowninLiangxiang.二十年的流浪后,他在良乡定居。

Doyoustillaskyourparentsformoney?你还向爸妈要钱吗？

3.作表语

It’sagoodideatoplanttreeshere.在这里栽些树是个好主意。

Sheisnowaprofessorwhileherhusbandremainsaworker.也现在是教授而丈夫仍是个工人。

4.作宾语的补足语

TheyelectedTomheadoftheworkshop.他们推选汤姆当车间的头。（职务名词作宾补前面不加冠词）

TheoldmancalledmyuncleXiaoLi.老人喊我叔叔小李。

5.作定语

（1）直接作定语,通常用单数形式。

collegestudents大学生girlfriend女友vegetablegarden菜园basketballmatch篮球赛

Let’sstopbythebookstoreonthewayhome.回家的路上，我们的书店停一下吧！

Heboughttheshoesinthatshoeshop.这双鞋他是在那个鞋店买的。

（2）名词所有格作定语。

students’books学生用书

China’scapital中国的首都

theworld’spopulation世界人口

（3）man，woman，gentleman作定语

man，woman，gentleman作定语时可以用单数和复数两种形式，但必须随所修饰名词的数而定。

Hesaidthattwowomendoctorswouldcometoourvillagethenextday.他说明天有两个女医生到我们村子来。

Therearemanymenteachersinourschool.我们学校有很多男教师。

（4）某些常用复数的名词用作定语

某些常用复数的名词，当它们用作定语时，也须用复数形式。

armsproduction武器生产clothesshop服装商店salesdepartment营业部agoodstrain货车

savingsbank储蓄所foreignlanguagesdepartment外语系

（5）单位名称、报纸、广播、电视等的标题中经常出现复数名词作定语。

LearningSkillscenter学习技巧交流中心TheBoysClub男孩俱乐部

（6）表示类别时名词直接作定语还是用所有格作定语一定要严格遵守习惯。

apeasantfamily/boy(peasant习惯直接作定语)aworker’sfamily(worker习惯用所有格作定语)

（7）两种定语有时并存但意义不一样。

womendrivers女司机thewoman’sdriver这位妇女的司机

girlfriend女朋友thegirl’sfriend这女孩的朋友

mothertongue母语mother’stongue母亲的舌头

（8）名词作定语强调被修饰成分的内容或职能，与其同根的形容词作定语则强调特点或属性

goldwatch金表(指手表是含金的)goldenwatch金色的表(指表是金色的，但不一定含金)

6.作状语

时间名词、数量名词、距离名词等有时可以作状语。

Thesoldierswalked50kilometersatanight.战士们一夜行军五十公里

Yoursuitcaseweighs10kilograms.你的手提箱重10千克。

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【即时训练】请用下列单词的适当形式填空

40.Thisswitchhasdecreased　　　　　　　　(pollute)inthecountry'；smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.

41.WeChineseallhavean________(agree)todevelopscienceandtechnology.

42.Weshouldencourageourstudentstohave_________(confident)inthemselves.

43..Ihavetomakea__________(complain)aboutthepoorqualityoffoodandserviceinyourrestaurant.

44.Theoldmanwhohadacaraccidentlastweekmadeafull_________(recover)fromtheoperationinhospital.

45.Evenathirty-minuterunwillprovide________(relieve)fromachesortension.

46.Shewasunabletogivethepolicea__________(describe)oftheattackerbecauseshehadnomemoryofwhathadhappenedtoher.

47.Theworldneedsallkindsofcreatures---without________(vary),ourplanetcannotsurvive.

48.Afurnishedroomorhouseisavailabletoberentedtogetherwithallsortsof____(furnish)init.

49.ChineseNewYearisa(celebrate)markingtheendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.

50.In1984,thegovernmentissuednewpoliciestoencourageindividualstoplanttreesincontractedsandlands.Despitethe_________(oppose)ofhisfamily,Shiresignedfromhisleadershippositionatastate-ownedfarmandbeganhisfightagainstdesertification.

51.“Ihadtowaitforthestafftowritedownmyinformation,whichcausedmuchmore________(convenience)thanscanningcodes.”

52.TheMinistryofCultureandTourismwillcontinuetosupportHainanindeepeningreformandopeningup,supportHainan’saimtobecomeaninternationaltourismconsumptioncenter,andprovide_________(assistant)fortheconstructionofHainanFreeTradePort.

53.Researchersfoundthatthosewithstrong.closebondswiththeirfriendsatagefifteenweremorelikelytobehealthyandhappylater.Importantly,______(popular),definedaslotsofpeoplelikingyougenerallybutnotclosely,wasn'；tfoundtohavethesamebenefitasclosefriends.

54.Don'；tdothisinanobviouswaybecausethisisannoying，butdoitwithouthisawarenessofyour________(intend)．

55.Thegreatestistoexpecttoomuchtoosoon.Deeprelationshipstaketime.Anothermaindifficultyisthe____________(selfish)tothinkone“owns”theother，includinghistimeandattention.

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考点清单七、名词高频用法单句训练

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分层训练（一）高考真题

【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

1.(2021•全国甲)Supposedlyyoucandoitintwohours,butwestoppedatthedifferentgatesand________(watchtower)totakepicturesorjusttowatchthelocalpeoplegoingabouttheirdailyroutines.

2.(2021•全国乙)________(activity)thererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(远足)andaccommodationsaimtohavealowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.

3.(2021•全国乙)Itisdifferentfromtraditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetravelertobecomeeducatedabouttheareas,…andoftenprovidesmoneyforconservationandbenefitsthe__________(develop)ofthelocalareas.

4.(2021•新高考全国)Therollingseaofcloudsyouseeonceyouareatthetopwillremindyouhowtinywe________(human)are.

5.(2021•浙江6月)In1844theyboughtitfor$1,200andsomelandfromCharlesDresser,whoperformedtheir________(marry)ceremonyin1842.

6.(2021•浙江1月)Itiscalculatedbydividinga________(person)weightinkgbytheirheightinmeterssquared,andaBMIofbetween19and25isconsideredhealthy.

7.(2020•全国I)Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular________(interesting)toscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(环形山),moresothanthefamiliarnearside.

8.(2020•全国II)ChineseNewYearisa__________(celebrate)markingtheendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.

9.(2020•全国IIII)Filledwith_______(curious),theartistpackedhisbagsandleft.

10.(2019•全国I)InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavuthavereportedincreasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoa_______(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.

【答案】

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分层训练（二）模拟试题

【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

1.（2022新高考I卷）TheGPNP’smaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparate_____________(population)andhomesofgiantpandas,andeventuallyachieveadesiredlevelofpopulationinthewild.

2.（2022新高考II卷）Hesavedmy_____________(son)life,"；saidMrs.Brown."；Idon'；tknowhowtothankhim.”

3.（2022全国甲卷）CaoandWualsocollectedgarbagealongtheroad,inordertopromoteenvironmental_____________(protect).

4.（2022全国乙卷）“AsamainpromoteroftheInternationalTeaDay,thebirthplaceofteaandthelargesttea-producingcountry,Chinahasa_____________(responsible)toworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.

5.（2022浙江1月卷）Cobb,forherparty,startedtoaskconferenceorganizerswhoinvitedhertospeakifshecoulddosoremotely；aboutthree-quartersofthetime,theyagreed.Whentheanswerwasno,shedeclinedthe_____________(invite).

6.(2017全国Ⅰ卷)Thistrendhashadsomeunintendedside_______(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease.

7.(2017全国Ⅱ卷)Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterrible________(crowd)ontheroads.

8.(2016全国I)Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop(attract).

9.(2019年全国Ⅲ卷)Whentheywerefreefromwork,theyinvitedustolocaleventsandletusknowofaninteresting____________(compete)towatch,togetherwiththestorybehindit.

10.(2017全国Ⅱ卷)Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththe_________(introduce)ofelectric-poweredenginesandlifts.

【答案】

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分层训练（三）单句改错

【即时训练】下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并纠正。

1.(2021·全国甲)Manystudentssaytheywilltalktotheirfriendorclassmatesbecausethey’reofthesameageandcanunderstandeachother.

2.(2021·全国乙)Ialwaysassistmyparentsindoingthedishaftermeals.

3.(2020·全国I)NextIbroketheeggsintoabowlandbeatthemquicklywithchopstick.

4.(2020·全国II)Luckily,Iwillgohomeintwoweeksforsummervacations.

5.(2019·全国Ⅱ)SinceIwasakid,I’veconsidereddifferentjobIwouldliketodo.

6.(2019·全国Ⅲ)Iwishtohaveachainofcafesinmanydifferentcity.

7.(2018·全国Ⅰ)LastwinterwhenIwentthereagain,theyhadabigseparatehousetoraisedozensofchicken.

8.(2018·全国Ⅱ)Aftersupper,wewouldplaycardgamesofallsortinthesittingroom.

9.(2018全国II)WhenIwaslittle,Friday’snightwasourfamilygamenight.

10.(2018全国卷III)Theclassroomisaplaceforlearningandthatincludeslearningfromtextbooks,andmistakeaswell.

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考点清单八、名词高频用法语篇训练

A

Overthepastfewdays,anumberofforestfires____36____(break)outinChongqinganditssurroundingareasduetotheextremelydryandhotweather.Manyrescuepersonnelandvolunteersparticipatedintherescueovernight,____37____movedalotofpeopleacrossthecountry.ThemountainfiresinseveralregionsinChongqinghavebeen____38____(eventual)putoutonFridaymorning.Nocasualtieshavebeenreported.

Chongqingmotorcyclistsarebeingpraised____39____heroesforvolunteeringtotransportmuch-neededsuppliestothefireandrescueworkers____40____(fight)thewildfirescausedbyprolongedheatanddroughtacrossmultipledistrictsinthemunicipality(自治市).

Facingthetoughsituation,thecitygovernmentcalledforvolunteerswithrelatedskillsandexperience____41____(join)thefirefighting,____42____alargenumberofmotorcyclistshaveplayedanimportantroleandwonwidespreadpraise.Theteammembers,with____43____averageageof29,tookturnstousefivedirtbikesandfourscooterstocarrymaterialsandequipmenttofirefightersandtotransportpeopleand____44____(necessary).

TheexampleofaforeignteacherwhovolunteeredtohelpfighttheragingwildfiresinChongqing’sBeibeidistrictwithotherlocalresidentshastouchedmany.

Whenallthepeople____45____(unite),peacewillreignacrossthecountry.

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B

ItisreportedthatanewsubwaystationinMoscowwithanumberofChinesedesignelementshasalreadybecomeanotherlandmarkforSino-Russianfriendshipand____41____(cooperate).Inotherwords,ChinaRailwayConstructionCorphascompletedtheconstructionoftheMichurinskyProspektStationinthesouthwestoftheRussiancapital,andithad____42____(official)openedbytheendoftheyear,2021.ThestationandtheothertwoonthesouthwestemsectionoftheMoscowMetrostandonthe____43____(three)transferlineofthecity'；ssubwaysystem.Thisroute,known____44____theGreatRingLine,wasalsobuiltbyCRCC,andwasthefirstEuropeansubwayproject____45____(design)byaChinesecompany.Toshowrespectfor____46____friendshipbetweenChinaandRussia,Chinese-styledesignshavebeenadoptedfortheplatformatthenewstation,includingcloud-shapedlamps,redpillarsandasuspendedceiling.Redisthedominantcoloroftheplatformdesign,____47____featuresplumblossomandtheEightImmortals-agroupofwell-known____48____(figure)inChinesefolkloreandTaoism.UptonowthephotosoftheChinese-stylesubwayplatform____49____(appear)onsocialmediaplatforms,andRussiansareeager____50____(see)thenewstationforthemselves.

C

神舟十四号乘组进入天舟五号货运飞船

BEIJING,Nov.13(Xinhua)--TheShenzhou-14crewenteredtheTianzhou-5cargocraftonSunday,accordingtotheChinaMannedSpaceAgency(CMSA),1alsosaidChinawilllaunchtheTianzhouserieseverysixmonthsinthefuture.

TheShenzhou-14crewwillcarryoutcargotransfersand2relatedworkasplanned.ChinalaunchedthecargospacecraftTianzhou-5onSaturdaytodeliversuppliesforthecountry'；sspacestation,theconstructionofwhichisexpected3(complete)thisyear.

ThecargospaceshipsystemisakeypartofChina'；sspacestation.Afterthespacestation4(form)aT-shapestructure,thecargoshipswillcontinuetheirtasksduringthespacestation'；soperation,providingsupportforastronauts,spacescienceexperiments5theoperationofthespacestation.

FromTianzhou-6,thecargoserieswillhavesystemupgrades,suchasa6(relative)largeimprovementofthecargocabinandasubstantialincreaseinthecargotransportcapacityof7sealedcabin,saidBaiMingsheng,chiefdesigneroftheTianzhoucargocraftfromtheChinaAcademyofSpaceTechnology.Henotedthatthesupplies8(deliver)tothespacestationwillbeabletosupporttheastronautsforalongertime.

TheLongMarch-7Y6rocket,9(carry)Tianzhou-5,blastedoffat10:03a.m.(BeijingTime)fromtheWenchangSpacecraftLaunchSiteinthesouthernislandprovinceofHainan.Abouttwohourslater,Tianzhou-510(conduct)afastautomatedrendezvousanddockingatthereardockingportofthespacestation'；scoremoduleTianhe.